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Examples include a structural crack unnoticed during a visual inspection task or a faulty avionics box that remains on the aircraft because incorrect diagnosis of the problem led to removal of the wrong box.5 These errors may have been caused by latent failures, such as deficient training, poor allocation of resources and maintenance tools, time-pressures, etc.
In 1985, a Japan Airlines Boeing 7477 suffered a rapid decompression in flight when an improperly repaired rear pressure bulkhead failed (a latent failure, probably with L-H and L-S mismatch involved).
(i) A safety critical task, not identified as a "Vital Point" (latentfailure), was undertaken by one individual who also carried total responsibility for the quality achieved, and the installation was not tested until the aircraft was airborne on a passenger-carrying flight (latent failure).
(iii) The British Airways local management, Product Samples and Quality Audits had not detected the existence of the inadequate standards used by the Shift Maintenance Manager because they did not directly monitor the working practices of Shift Maintenance Managers (latent failure).19
More often than not, latent failures are left untouched, intact, waiting to combine with an unsuspecting front-line operator's active failure or error - the last in a chain of errors - and cause an accident involving the loss of human life and the destruction of property.
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